
Vaults: Curators & Infrastructure
Vaults are one of the most popular and fastest growing primitives in DeFi, but all the moving parts can lead to increased risk exposure. Vaults allocate deposited capital across various protocols. The curator defines the strategy, selects the venues, and sets the parameters and rebalancing, while infrastructure providers furnish the underlying tools to launch and manage vaults. Each of these decisions, along with the smart contracts and data enabling them, can expose the underlying capital to risk. In November 2025, Stream Finance disclosed a $93 million loss in assets run by an external manager, and the shortfall spread into curated vaults on Rings, Beefy, Harvest and Euler v2. Nexus Mutual paid more than $98,000 to members holding cover across those vaults.
Risks faced
A vault inherits risk from every protocol it allocates to.
• Smart contract exploits in any protocol holding fund capital
• Centralized exchange failure, including halted withdrawals and exchange-wide haircuts
• Stablecoin depeg on reserves, collateral and settlement assets
• ETH liquid staking and restaking token depeg
• Oracle failure and manipulation feeding a bad price into an open position
• Liquidation failure that leaves bad debt behind
• Leveraged liquidation and unrealized loss on looped strategies
• Governance takeover at a protocol holding fund assets
Relevant products
Depositors, curators, and infrastructure providers all face their own risks when it comes to vaults. For depositors that are personally risk adverse, Protocol Cover is available for leading protocols such as Morpho and other listed markets. OpenCover provides a wide range of vault cover as well, which you can browse here. Nexus Mutual works directly with curators and infrastructure providers to structure Bespoke Cover to protect their users against smart contract hacks, liquidation failure and more.
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