
Foundations & DAOs
A foundation’s treasury is at the core of its business and is typically deployed across several protocols to earn yield. It sits at a public address, so the balance, the allocations and any losses are visible to the community it serves. Treasuries have been drained through both the protocols they deposit into and the governance that controls them. Beanstalk lost about $77 million in April 2022 when a $1 billion flash loan bought a governance supermajority and passed a malicious proposal in one transaction. Tornado Cash had its governance seized in May 2023 through a hidden proposal. Treasuries deposited in Euler Finance and holding balances on FTX took losses in the same period, and Nexus Mutual paid over $7 million to cover holders in those two events.
Risks faced
Treasury exposure spreads across every protocol it touches. Governance adds another layer of risk.
• Smart contract exploits in any protocol holding fund capital
• Centralized exchange failure, including halted withdrawals and exchange-wide haircuts
• Stablecoin depeg on reserves, collateral and settlement assets
• ETH liquid staking and restaking token depeg
• Oracle failure and manipulation feeding a bad price into an open position
• Liquidation failure that leaves bad debt behind
• Leveraged liquidation and unrealized loss on looped strategies
• Governance takeover at a protocol holding fund assets
Relevant products
Fund Portfolio Cover covers a treasury as it is actually held, bundling smart contract exploits, oracle failure and manipulation, liquidation failure, governance takeover, custody risk and depeg risk in a single transaction. Nearly $350 million of institutional capital has been protected this way. For narrower exposure, Protocol Cover is available for 100+ protocols, Custody and Depeg Cover can protect cash reserves. Bug Bounty Cover offsets up to 80% of a critical payout, and Crypto Kidnap & Ransom Cover is a safety net for core contributors. Anything outside a standard listing can be structured as Bespoke Cover.
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